A
Air Bag - A passive safety device, supplemental to safety belts that inflates to provide a cushion to absorb impact forces during
moderate to severe frontal collisions. This system can help lessen the chance of contact with the steering wheel, instrument panel
and windshield. The airbag is actuated automatically by sensors located in the front of the vehicle. To maximize effectiveness, seat
and shoulder belts must always be used in conjunction with this system.
Air Injection - A system that injects air into the exhaust ports of the engine for combustion of unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust
gases, thus producing "cleaner" exhaust emissions.
Alignment - Generally refers to wheel alignment, which is the proper adjustment of the vehicle's front and rear suspension for
camber, toe, caster and ride height.
A-Pillar - Side foremost roof support of a vehicle, located in most instances between the outer edge of the windshield and the leading
edge of the front door upper. Also known as an A-Post.
Alloy Wheels - A generic term used to describe any non-steel road wheel. The most common alloy wheels are cast aluminum.
Technically, an alloy is a mixture of two or more metals. These wheels are known for their light weight and strength.
All-Wheel Drive - Often confused with Four-Wheel Drive (4WD), this drive system features four, full-time active drive wheels to reduce
wheel slippage and provide greater driver control over the vehicle. All-Wheel Drive automatically splits engine torque between the
front and rear wheels as needed, improving on-raod traction in unfavorable road conditions. Unlike Four-Wheel Drive, All-Wheel Drive
(AWD) is an on-road system and is not designed for off-road use. AWD does not require the driver to actively engage the system. It is
operational at all times, and requires no switches, lights or visor instructions for system operation.
Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) - On a vehicle equipped with Anti-Lock Brakes, the wheels are equipped with speed sensors. When
a sensor determines that a wheel is decelerating so rapidly that lockup may occur, the electro-Hydraulic Control Unit (EHCU) is
activated. The EHCU then modulates the brake pressure in the appropriate brake lines by means of the solenoid-operated vaves.
This is intended to prevent wheel lockup and help the vehicle maintain directional stability during potentially hazardous braking
situations.
Axle Ratio - The ratio between the rotational speed (RPM) of the drive shaft and that of the driven wheel. Gear Reduction in final drive
is determined by dividing the number of teeth on the ring gear by the number of teeth on the pinion gear.
Anti-Theft System - Systems that contain codes to prevent the use of a stolen device to work in another vehicle without modification
or new codes.
Automatic Day/Night Mirror - A rearview mirror miade with two layers of glass separated by a light-sensitive chemical. The chemical
automatically darkens to absorb glare from the headlamps of a following vehicle. Also known as an electrochromic mirror.
Automatic Power Door Locks with Programmable Feature - A safety feature which automatically locks all doors when the
transmission is put into gear or the odometer reaches a certain MPH. Depending on the vehicle, this feature offers different
programming options to suit drivers' preferences.
B
B-Pillar - The roof support between a vehicle's front door window and rear side window, if there is one.
Balance Shaft - A shaft designed so that, as it turns, it counter rotates the rotational direction of the engine crankshaft in a manner
that reduces or cancels out some of the vibration produced by the engine.
Ball Joint - A flexible joint consisting of a ball within a socket. Ball joints act as pivots which allow turning of the front wheels and
compensate for changes in the wheel and steering geometries that occur while driving.
Base-Coat / Clear Coat - A paint system that adds a final clear-coat paint layer over primer and color coats to provide a deep, "wet-
look" shine that resists fading.
Bias-Ply tires - A type of tire in which the plies or layers of cord in the tire casing are laid diagonally, criss-crossing one another at an
angle of 30 to 40 degrees.
Biodiesel - is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils like soybean oil, 1%-FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl
Esther, initially derived from coco-methyl ether) Isuzu Philippines Corporation issued statement on Biodiesel ........ read
more
Bluetooth - A wireless communications technology that connects mobile phones enabled with Bluetooth to a vehicle for hands-free
calling. With the use of a compatible Bluetooth enabled mobile phone in most vehicles, a driver can place and answer calls, browse
and select phonebook contacts from their phone simply by using the multifunction steering wheel controls and radio keys.
Body-On-Frame Construction - A type of automobile construction in which the body structure is attached to a separate frame.
Bore - The diameter of an engine cylinder or bearing.
Brake Linings - The replaceable friction material which contacts the brake drum in a drum brake system to slow or stop the car.
Brake Master Cylinder - A cylinder containing a movable piston activated by pressure on the brake pedal. The piston produces
hydraulic pressure that pushes fluid through the lines and wheel cylinders. This forces the brake lining or pad against the drum or
disc to slow or stop the car.
Brake Pads - In a disc system, they are the replaceable flat segments consisting of a rigid backing place plus frictional lining that
takes the place of the shoe and lining in a drum brake. Brake pads are sometimes referred to as brake pucks.
Brake Shoe - The arc-shaped carrier to which the brake linings are mounted in a drum brake. They also force the lining against the
rotating drum during braking.
Brakes, Drum - A type of braking system that utilizes a metal drum mounted on a wheel to form the outer shell of a brake. The brake
shoes press against the drum to slow or stop drum and wheel rotation for braking.
Brakes, Disc - A type of braking system in which brake shoes, in a vise-like caliper, grip a revolving disk mounted on a wheel to slow
or stop disc and wheel rotation for braking.
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